Who is sudan at war with

It said there was no alternative other than protests, strikes and civil disobedience. Sudanese ambassadors to 12 countries, including the United States, United Arab Emirates, China, and France, have rejected the military takeover, a diplomatic source said on Tuesday. Western countries have denounced the coup, called for the detained Cabinet ministers to be freed and said they will cut off aid if the military does not restore power-sharing with civilians.

The German mission to the United Nations said on Twitter that it was suspending aid until further notice. One suspects that the debt relief that has been painstakingly negotiated by the civilian government will now be put on hold. Conflict soon flared, while several peace agreements and cease-fires collapsed—notably in when Machar, then vice president, fled to the Democratic Republic of Congo on foot after fighting erupted in Juba—before the pact brought a bit of respite.

Kiir and Machar finally formed a unity government in February But they have achieved little beyond a delicate cease-fire, as most of the provisions of the agreement languish unfulfilled. These include the unification of forces supporting the two rivals into a single national army, the establishment of a new National Assembly, the creation of a transitional court of justice, and economic reforms. On top of all that, South Sudan still has to deal with the insurgency in its southern Equatoria region led by Thomas Cirillo, a former senior military officer who has not signed the peace agreement.

Localized violence in other places rages unabated. With this uneasy arrangement in place and ethno-political tensions so deeply rooted, the risk of a new collapse exists at every turn of the road. No turn looks more dangerous than the next presidential election, whenever it is held.

Even if they seem to have lost the confidence of a significant part of their respective support bases, Kiir and Machar still look intent on facing off. The poll, if it ever occurs, could be a fatal blow to the peace agreement, given that the winner could lock the loser and his coalition out of any share of power. When famine ravaged the Horn of Africa in , U. After large-scale civilian protests in , Nimeiri was overthrown by dissident military officers, who immediately pledged to hold national elections the following year.

During the next three years of indecisive, faction-ridden civilian rule, direct U. On June 30, a military junta led by Lt. Omar Hassan el-Bashir seized power. In the ensuing months the National Islamic Front NIF emerged as the power behind the coup, further polarizing the country along ethnic and religious lines, just as the cold war wound down.

Support from Iran, which rushed to strengthen relations with its first sub-Saharan African ally, enabled the NIF-controlled government to make massive arms purchases from China and former Soviet republics, which it used to step up the war in the south in an effort to end the protracted civil war with a military victory. Conscription of child soldiers by both sides increased, and forms of slavery, first reported in the late s, appeared to spread.

Following a strategy going as far back as , the new NIF-dominated government stepped up support for ethnic militias and breakaway factions of the SPLA in an effort to further divide the southern opposition against itself. As a result of fighting among rival armed factions of the SPLA, government forces managed to recapture a number of garrison towns and to regain the use of some roads and communications infrastructure in Estimates of the civilian casualties of the intercommunal conflict in this period runto the tens of thousands.

A series of cease-fires brought some respite in , but negotiations to end the fighting failed to get off the ground. On April 28, the leaders of the six southern factions that had signed the peace agreement then signed an agreement in which they united all their forces under the name of the United Democratic Salvation Front UDSF headed by Dr.

Riek Machar. These attacks failed. In the United States, the median age is 36 years, and life expectancy is 77 years. It is about the size of Texas and has a population of 6 million; the majority are Muslim and have African features. Generally speaking, most people of African descent in Darfur are farmers, and most people of Arab descent in Darfur are nomadic herders.

There is fierce competition for land between herders and farmers, including violent battles between Fur farmers and Arab herders from to This competition has fueled the present conflict in Darfur. Even as Sudan achieved independence from Britain in , civil war was already brewing between the north and the south. Army coups in and plus civil war impeded attempts to build a parliamentary democracy.

In , the Addis Ababa Agreement enforced a peace agreement between the government and separatist southern rebels. Civil war was sparked in when the military regime tried to impose sharia law as part of its overall policy to "Islamicize" all of Sudan. In , compromise between the ruling government and southern opposition groups seemed imminent, but Omar al-Bashir, a politically and religiously extreme military leader, led a successful coup and became chief of state, prime minister and chief of the armed forces.

Al-Bashir has been elected only once, in Al-Bashir continues to lead a government run by an alliance between the military junta and the National Congress Party, which pushes an Islamist agenda. Sudan's government imposed a penal code in that instituted amputations and stoning as punishments. The Sudanese government harbored Osama bin Laden in the s until the Clinton administration successfully pressured the government to expel him in